Guinea-Bissau country profile – BBC News

Some key date in Guinea-Bissau’s history:

1446-47 – First Portuguese arrive; subsequently administered as part of the Portuguese Cape Verde Islands, the Guinea area becomes important in the slave-trade. Guinea-Bissau becomes a separate colony in the Portuguese Empire in 1879.

15th-19th Centuries – Portuguese control of the region is limited to forts along the coast for much of this period. Portugal only gains full control of the mainland after the military campaigns of 1912-15.

1956 – Amilcar Cabral establishes the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC).

1963-74 – Bissau-Guinean War of Independence. An armed struggle between Portugal and the PAIGC, which is backed by Cuba, the USSR and Yugoslavia.

1970 – Operation Mar Verde – Portugal’s amphibious attack on Guinea-Conakry designed to capture the PAIGC leadership. It fails and the attack strains Portuguese relations with other Western countries.

1973 – Amilcar Cabral assassinated. PAIGC unilaterally declares Guinea-Bissau independent of Portugal and gives it its present name.

1974 – Portugal grants Guinea-Bissau independence following the Carnation Revolution in Portugal, with Luis Cabral, Amilcar Cabral’s brother, as president.

1980 – Luis Cabral is ousted in military coup led by Joao Bernardo Vieira; plans for unification with Cape Verde dropped. The overthrow is the first of many political coups that undermine the country’s stability over the next four decades.

2006 – Guinea-Bissau soldiers battle Senegalese rebels along the southern border.

2006 – Guinea-Bissau appeals for international help to stop people-traffickers using its remote coastline to smuggle migrants, including Asians, to Europe.

2007 – Parliament passes law guaranteeing amnesty for any violence committed during the years of political unrest between 1980 and 2004.

2011 – EU suspends part of its aid to Guinea-Bissau because of concerns over governance and the rule of law.

2012 – The UN Security Council expresses concern that drug trafficking has increased, and demands a return to constitutional rule.

2020 – Former prime minister UmarGuinea-Bissau country profileo Sissoco Embaló takes office after winning the presidential election, ending 46 years of PAIGC or military rule.

2023 – President Embaló dissolves the opposition-controlled parliament, less than six months after it was reconstituted after a shootout, which he described as a failed coup.